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Tolerance Pavlownia tomentosa in vitro k suchu a osmotické zátěži
Zapalač, Radek
This diploma thesis deals with the influence of abiotic stressors on plant growth and their acclimation responses. An in vitro culture experiment was conducted with Paulownia tomentosa plants for 35 days, in which growth parameters (reduction of leaf turgescence, leaf damage, plant height, number of nodes per stem, number of leaves and number of roots) and plant survival, under the treatment of three different osmotics at different concentrations in the medium (20 g/l sucrose – control, 80 g/l sucrose, 50 mM NaCl, 100 mM NaCl, 1.5 % PEG6000, 3 % PEG6000). On days 10 and 30 of the experiment, plant samples were collected for determination of ABA and proline content in leaves. The radioimmunoassay method was used to determine ABA content, while proline content was determined by spectrophotometric measurement. During the first ten days of cultivation, gas samples were also taken from the culture vessels to determine ethylene production, which was subsequently carried out by gas chromatography. The results obtained were statistically and graphically processed and supplemented by photodocumentation.
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Developing communication skills for children with autism disorder
VYHNÁNKOVÁ, Aneta
This bachelor thesis focuses on the issue of children with autism spectrum disorder (hereafter referred to as PAS) in relation to the development of communication skills of preschool-aged children. The thesis is divided into two parts, theoretical and empirical. The first chapter of the theoretical part aims to clarify the issue of PAS, defining its theoretical framework, manifestations, particularly the triad of symptoms, and describing its aetiology. Then it focuses on its division according to functionality and on the individual subdivisions. The second chapter focuses on the clarification of communication in children with PAS, pointing out the differences between intact children and children with PAS. The third chapter further explores the possibilities of developing communication skills among children with PAS, with an emphasis on the approach of applied behavioural analysis, structured learning and forms of alternative and augmentative communication. The practical part focuses on answering the main research objective, which is to realise what type of approach the selected kindergarten established under Section 16, paragraph 9 of the Education Act and its employees take towards children with PAS in terms of communication skills, tools or methods. The observation method, document analysis and semi-structured interviews were used to answer the research objective. As a result of the research, it is possible to find out how the selected kindergarten approaches the development of communication skills for children with PAS, which methods and tools are used in practice in the development of communication skills for children with PAS in the selected kindergarten, and which ones have proved to be the most effective for the pedagogic workers.
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Use of ABA therapy in children with PAS in the Czech Republic
SLOBODA, Tereza
This bachelor´s thesis deals with the subject of using ABA therapy for children diagnosed with autistic spectrum disorder. I am interested in this type of therapy. ABA is a scientific methodology in which concrete therapeutic methods are used within interventions therefore I use the ABA therapy connection in my work. Bacherlor´s thesis is divided into a theoretical and a practical part. Theoretical part focuses on autistic spectrum disorders, aetiology, most affected areas, introducing ABA and common methods and current legislation, possibility of ABA studies in the Czech Republic. Practical part deals with a case study of a boy from birth to seven years. After his autism diagnosis he has begun ABA therapy and today he is attending the only special elementary and nursery school using the ABA methods. Although opinions on ABA differ I would like to show how the ABA strategies can be used in special schools. This method could be useful for children who are resistant to other forms of therapy. The potentiality of ABA method could improve living standards of the client and his surroundings because autism has enormous impact on social and family ties. The aim of the thesis is to show the progress in ABA therapy and the possibility of using ABA therapy as one of the methods of educating children with ASD or combined disorders and to develop their skills and abilities in spite of their handicap.
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Mechanisms of natural resistance of quinoa to abiotic stresses
Cíza, Marek ; Lipavská, Helena (advisor) ; Hála, Michal (referee)
Quinoa is traditionally grown crop originating from areas adjacent to Andean Mountains in South America, where it is grown by local native population for over 5000 years. Its extraordinal resistance to abiotic stresses as salinity, drought or frost, along with quite exceptional nutritional qualities of the seed, earned it the designation "supercrop" and the year 2013 was even announced by the FAO organization as the International Year of Quinoa. The main aim of this thesis is to identify the main mechanisms responsible for quinoa resistance to frost, salinity and drought. Marginally, this work also focuses on reaction of quinoa against an attack of most common fungal pathogen and also on different sensitivity of quinoa varieties towards the lenght of photoperiods, which are two important factors in expanding the cultivation of quinoa outside the original area.
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The role of phytohormones in the root system response to environmental conditions
Vávrová, Barbora ; Tylová, Edita (advisor) ; Konrádová, Hana (referee)
During their life cycle, plants form several important anatomical structures in roots, which are crucial for the proper function of the root system and for survival of plant organisms in variable environmental conditions. These structures enable plants to adapt to various stress factors of the environment. Among them, apoplastic barriers are very important. They are formed by cells of the endodermis and exodermis. These cell layers develop Casparian bands and suberin lamellae, modifications of cell walls, that block the apoplastic pathway and are necessary for selective nutrient uptake. Another structure is aerenchyma, a tissue containing many intercellular spaces, which is primarily associated with growth in flooded soils. Development of these structural adaptations is associated with the abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene. These phytohormones are known mainly for their involvement in stress responses but they are also important in many developmental processes. Work published so far have shown that ABA stimulates deposition of suberin lamellae in the endodermis in unfavourable conditions. Ethylene on the other hand suppresses the deposition of suberin and can even trigger a degradation of previously developed suberin lamellae. In many cases ethylene plays a crucial regulatory role in development of...
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Mechanisms of exodermal response to nutrient availability in the environment
Gargoš, Ondřej ; Tylová, Edita (advisor) ; Kummerová, Marie (referee)
in English The apoplastic barriers of the root (endodermis and exodermis) represent an important regulatory mechanism for the uptake of water and nutrients from the environment, ensuring its selectivity. In addition, both layers respond to stress factors by altering its rate and degree of cell wall modification, which affects the transport properties of the root and represents adaptive plants to high heterogeneity of the soil environment. Apoplastic barriers also respond to the availability of mineral nutrients. This issue has recently been intensively studied and a number of ambiguities persist. Interestingly, the deficiency of some mineral nutrients stimulates the differentiation of barriers, while the deficiency of other mineral nutrients delays the differentiation. In addition, different plant species react differently to the deficiency of the same element. Another interesting aspect is the fact that the reaction of the endodermis and exodermis is localized and takes place mainly in that part of the root system which is directly exposed to the stress factor. This phenomenon has been observed with cadmium toxicity, but more recently with local nutrient deficiencies (nitrogen and potassium) in Zea mays. This diploma thesis deals with the functional significance of localized enhancing or delaying...
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Faktory indukce tvorby hlíz lilku bramboru (Solanum tuberosum L.) v in vitro podmínkách
Kůrková, Jana
This thesis deals with the factors responsible for induction of the formation of tuber potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in in vitro conditions. The aim was to observe cultivation of the nodal segments of stems on the induction medium with reduced content of inorganic nitrogen 12 umol, 80 g/l sucrose and the addition of 10 mg/l BA for the for-mation of tubers. The frequency of tuberisation was evaluated, as well as morfological changes, size and weight of the tubers. Three groups of explants were established diffe-ring in lenght of cultivation on the induction medium. These were monitored for chan-ges in the content of endogenous ABA in the nodal segments of stem and stolon. Moni-toring of the changes in content of endogenous cytokinin, nitrogen content, production of ethylene, ethane and CO2 was performed as well. Permanent microscopic preparations were prepared to detect transformation of the axillary bud into stolon, resp. tuber. Increased content of ABA during the tuber formation demonstrates its effect on tuberi-zation. Amongs cytokinins, the biggest effect of cytokinins on tuberization has BA, iP and iPR. Conversely, Z and ZR had no influence. Contents of ethylene, ethane,CO2 and nitrogen are related to the lenght of culturing on the induction medium.
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Interakcia fytohormónov a vonkajšich faktorov v dormacii hľúz ľuľka zemiakového (Solanum tuberosum L.) odvodených v explantátovej kultúre
Maco, Roman
Microtubers were obtained from potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultured in vitro, they were used in following experiments. The impact of growth regulators (FLD, AgNO3, BA, ABA) was monitored in length of dormancy. The content of ABA in the budding tubers and the content of endogenous CK (BA, IP, DHZ, DHZR, Z) was determined during the dormancy as well. Production of ACC, ethylene, O2, CO2 and ethane was determined by gas chromatography. Variants containing FLD, AgNO3 and BA had a significant impact in the shortening of dormancy and stimulation the growth of buds microtubers. When they were used the occurrence of budding tubers was increased by 30-40 % over the control. Variant of ABA inhibited the growth of buds. ABA content correlated with the process of dormancy and the occurrence of budding tubers. The highest content of ABA was in variant with freshly collected dormant tubers. Concentration of various CK was dependent on the type of CK and monitored variant. Generally, It was slightly increased with occurrence of budding tubers.
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